Learn · Explainer

Inside a 5 mg vial of peptide

Chemistry basics · 4 min scroll

Example peptide
15 residues
1540.7 g/mol
Illustrative sequence

What looks like a pinch of white powder,

freeze-dried into a light, porous cake,Freeze-drying removes the water and leaves the peptide as a solid.

is about 2.0 quintillion molecules,5 mg ÷ 1540.7 g/mol = 3.25 µmol · × 6.022 × 10²³ /mol ≈ 2.0 × 10¹⁸

each one the same 15 amino acids,Hover a bead · G A L V K D E P A G L K V D E

joined in the same order.Each link is a peptide bond (–CO–NH–): stiff, flat and usually trans.

A certificate is how you check it.Identity, purity and amount are three separate tests · How to read a certificate

01 · Vial · 1 cm
What looks like a pinch of white powder,
02 · Powder · 1 mm
freeze-dried into a light, porous cake,
Freeze-drying removes the water and leaves the peptide as a solid.
03 · Molecules · 10 nm
is about 2.0 quintillion molecules,
5 mg ÷ 1540.7 g/mol = 3.25 µmol · × 6.022 × 10²³ /mol ≈ 2.0 × 10¹⁸
04 · Sequence · 1 nm
each one the same 15 amino acids,
Gly-Ala-Leu-Val-Lys-Asp-Glu-Pro-Ala-Gly-Leu-Lys-Val-Asp-Glu
05 · Bond · 0.1 nm
joined in the same order.
Each link is a peptide bond (–CO–NH–): stiff, flat and usually trans.
06 · Checked
A certificate is how you check it.
Identity, purity and amount are three separate tests · How to read a certificate

In plain English

15 amino acids, always in the same order

Amino acids are small molecules. Each one has the same basic frame plus one part that changes, called the side chain. The side chain decides whether an amino acid is small or bulky, attracted to water or repelled by it, or electrically charged.

When two amino acids join, the acid end of one links to the amino end of the next and a molecule of water is released. That link is a peptide bond. It is stiff and flat, so the chain can only bend at the bonds on either side of it.

The example above is written GALVKDEPAGLKVDE: 15 residues, read from the N-terminus (G) to the C-terminus (E). Freeze-drying removes the water used during manufacture and leaves the peptide as a light, porous solid, the white cake you see in the vial.

Peptide bonds and structure

The sequence, residue by residue

1GGly
2AAla
3LLeu
4VVal
5KLys
6DAsp
7EGlu
8PPro
9AAla
10GGly
11LLeu
12KLys
13VVal
14DAsp
15EGlu

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Catalogue: 35 research materials in 10 compound classes
Certificates: 16 published, each matched to its compound and vial size
Specifications: CAS number, molecular weight, storage and certificate status on every product
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Guides to testing and regulation

Guide

A Short History of Peptide Science Amino Acid Analysis (AAA)Amino Acids Analytical Method Validation (ICH Q2(R2))Animal Research Ethics in Australia Are Peptides Legal in Australia? TGA, the Poisons Standard and Research Supply Batch Numbers and Traceability Buffers and pH in Peptide Research Buying Research Peptides in Australia CAS Numbers, PubChem CIDs and InChIKeys Cell Culture Models Chirality in Peptides Circular Dichroism (CD)Clinical Trial Phases Explained Common Impurities in Synthetic Peptides (and How Labs Detect Them)Counter-Ions in Peptides Data Integrity and ALCOA+Disulfide Bonds in Peptides EC50, IC50, Kd and Ki Elemental Impurities in Peptides Endotoxin Testing Explained Freeze-Drying (Lyophilisation) Explained Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Explained How Peptide Medicines Are Developed How Peptide Signalling Works How Peptides Are Named How Research Peptides Are Made How to Read a Peptide Certificate of Analysis (COA)How to Read a Peptide Sequence How to Read an HPLC Chromatogram How to Read Peptide Research How to Search PubMed for Peptide Research How to Spot Misleading Peptide Claims Online HPLC, LC-MS and UV-Vis ISO/IEC 17025 and NATA Lyophilised Peptides NMR Spectroscopy for Peptides Peer Review, Retractions and Predatory Journals Peptide Aggregation Peptide Bonds and Peptide Structure Explained Peptide Glossary Peptide Modifications Explained Peptides vs Proteins vs Amino Acids Peptidomimetics and Stapled Peptides Explained Phage Display and Peptide Libraries Pharmacopoeias Explained Predicting Peptide Solubility Purity vs Peptide Content Reading a Peptide Mass Spectrum Recombinant vs Synthetic Peptides Reference Standards and Certified Reference Materials Research Peptides vs Approved Peptide Medicines Residual Solvents in Synthetic Peptides Safety Data Sheets and Safe Laboratory Handling of Research Peptides Stability Testing, Retest Dates and Shelf Life Statistics in Research Papers Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses The Growth Hormone Axis Explained The Poisons Standard Explained Units in Peptide Research Water Content in Lyophilised Peptides What Are Peptides? A Plain-English Primer What Is the ARTG? How to Check Whether a Medicine Is Approved in Australia Why Peptides Break Down Why Peptides Stick to Tubes

Why Peptides Stick to Tubes Why Peptides Break Down What Is the ARTG? How to Check Whether a Medicine Is Approved in Australia What Are Peptides? A Plain-English Primer Water Content in Lyophilised Peptides Units in Peptide Research The Poisons Standard Explained The Growth Hormone Axis Explained Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statistics in Research Papers Stability Testing, Retest Dates and Shelf Life Safety Data Sheets and Safe Laboratory Handling of Research Peptides Residual Solvents in Synthetic Peptides Research Peptides vs Approved Peptide Medicines Reference Standards and Certified Reference Materials Recombinant vs Synthetic Peptides Reading a Peptide Mass Spectrum Purity vs Peptide Content Predicting Peptide Solubility Pharmacopoeias Explained Phage Display and Peptide Libraries Peptidomimetics and Stapled Peptides Explained Peptides vs Proteins vs Amino Acids Peptide Modifications Explained Peptide Glossary Peptide Bonds and Peptide Structure Explained Peptide Aggregation Peer Review, Retractions and Predatory Journals NMR Spectroscopy for Peptides Lyophilised Peptides ISO/IEC 17025 and NATA HPLC, LC-MS and UV-Vis How to Spot Misleading Peptide Claims Online How to Search PubMed for Peptide Research How to Read Peptide Research How to Read an HPLC Chromatogram How to Read a Peptide Sequence How to Read a Peptide Certificate of Analysis (COA)How Research Peptides Are Made How Peptides Are Named How Peptide Signalling Works How Peptide Medicines Are Developed Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Explained Freeze-Drying (Lyophilisation) Explained Endotoxin Testing Explained Elemental Impurities in Peptides EC50, IC50, Kd and Ki Disulfide Bonds in Peptides Data Integrity and ALCOA+Counter-Ions in Peptides Common Impurities in Synthetic Peptides (and How Labs Detect Them)Clinical Trial Phases Explained Circular Dichroism (CD)Chirality in Peptides Cell Culture Models CAS Numbers, PubChem CIDs and InChIKeys Buying Research Peptides in Australia Buffers and pH in Peptide Research Batch Numbers and Traceability Are Peptides Legal in Australia? TGA, the Poisons Standard and Research Supply Animal Research Ethics in Australia Analytical Method Validation (ICH Q2(R2))Amino Acids Amino Acid Analysis (AAA)A Short History of Peptide Science

Open the library

Inside a 5 mg vial of peptide

15 amino acids, always in the same order

Supplied to qualified researchers and licensed laboratories

Guides to testing and regulation

How to Read a Peptide Certificate of Analysis (COA)

Purity vs Peptide Content: Why '99% Pure' Doesn't Mean '10 mg of Peptide'

Buying Research Peptides in Australia: A 12-Point Supplier Checklist

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